If an attacker compromises the server and steals both the private key and certificate, they can sign malicious code while posing as the trusted author. A common problem, however, is that the private key and the certificate used in the signing process are located on the same machine. The certificate allows end users to trust that software is signed by the author, so long as the private key that is used to sign is only available to that author. To solve this issue, many companies turn to Microsoft SignTool, a command-line tool that digitally signs files, verifies signatures in files, or time stamps files. Additionally, the internet itself cannot provide any guarantee about the identity of the software creator. Packaged software uses branding and trusted sales outlets to assure users of its integrity, but these guarantees are not available when code is transmitted on the internet. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and to demonstrate that the code has not been altered or corrupted since it was signed.
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